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South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea and often referred to as Korea is a presidential republic in East Asia, occupying the southern half of the Korean Peninsula. South Korea occupies the southern portion of the Korean Peninsula, which extends some 680 miles (1,100 km) from the Asian mainland. South Korea can be divided into four general regions: an eastern region of high mountain ranges and narrow coastal plains; a western region of broad coastal plains, river basins, and rolling hills; a southwestern region of mountains and valleys; and a southeastern region dominated by the broad basin of the Nakdong River. This mountainous peninsula is flanked by the Yellow Sea to the west, and the Sea of Japan (East Sea) to the east. Its southern tip lies on the Korea Strait and the East China Sea.

South Korea has a humid continental climate and is affected by the East Asian monsoon, with precipitation heavier in summer during a short rainy season called jangma, and winters that can be bitterly cold.

The Capital and largest city is Seoul, the location of the country is 37°35′N, 127°0′E, the official language is Korean, the National Foundation Day of the country is October 3, 2333 BC, the country was declared independence March 1, 1919, Provisional Government was declared April 13, 1919, the country got Liberation on August 15, 1945, was recognized by the United Nations on December 12, 1948. The country's total area is 38,462.49 square miles (99,617.39 km2). Estimated Population is 49,044,790, Currency International symbol ₩ Pronounced Won (KRW).

In Seoul, the average January temperature range is -7 °C to 1 °C (19 °F to 33 °F), and the average July temperature range is 22 °C to 29 °C (71 °F to 83 °F). Rainfall is concentrated in the summer months of June through September. Winter temperatures are higher along the southern coast and considerably lower in the mountainous interior. There are occasional typhoons that bring high winds and floods. The government is concerned of the impact of global warming on the natural disasters. The southern coast is subject to late summer typhoons that bring strong winds and heavy rains. The average annual precipitation varies from 1,370 millimeters (54 inches) in Seoul to 1,470 millimeters (58 inches) in Busan.